THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE IN CENTRAL ASIA

Abstract

The rich heritage of Islamic philosophy in Central Asia significantly influenced the region’s scientific progress during the medieval era. This article explores how rationalist currents within Islamic thought embodied by figures like al-Farabi, Avicenna, al-Biruni, and Ulugbek —catalyzed advancements in astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and natural philosophy. Drawing on historical, philosophical, and sociocultural studies, the paper highlights the fusion of faith and reason, transmission of Greek knowledge, and the integration of scientific method within Islamic education. It posits that philosophy served as a critical bridge between theological doctrines and empirical inquiry, underpinning the intellectual flourishing in cities such as Bukhara, Samarkand, and Khwarezm. The article concludes by considering the legacy of this tradition and its implications for contemporary science and education in the region.